Whitby High SchoolBattlefields Tour 11-14th March 2004 |
Langemarck German Cemetery
The Germans took the village again during their great push of Spring 1918. It was finally retaken by the Belgians on 28 September 1918.
Langemarck Cemetery is the only German one in the Salient and contains 44,292 burials, concentrated from many smaller cemeteries in the Salient. An oak panel just inside the entrance to the cemetery lists the names of the German missing.
The first large headstone encountered once the visitor enters the cemetery is a mass grave containing 25,000 soldiers, and is planted with flowering shrubs. Bronze panels are carved with the names of the soldiers and their regimental insignia.
At the rear of the cemetery is a sculpture of four mourning figures in shadow signifying the three armed forces, plus the contribution made by back up forces keeping them in the front line. Flat stones mark burial plots: often up to eight soldiers share a (sometimes unknown) grave. The Belgian authorities were less willing to give up land to the German enemy, making it a necessity for shared graves to be erected.
Along the north wall of the cemetery are the remains of a number of large German blockhouses.
i) The German War Graves Welfare Organisation
The German cemeteries are maintained by the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgraberfursorge. Unlike its British and French equivalents this was originally a private organisation relying heavily on public donation and help. Nowadays these cemeteries receive German Government funding and the organisation employs many full time staff. However, given the organisation's origins in the political and financial chaos of eariy 1920's Germany, there has always been a strong tradition of self help and great emphasis is placed on voluntary work, particularly by young people in order to help maintain them. Summer work camps are popular and well attended.
ii) The Style of Cemetery
Unlike British and French cemeteries, the style of German cemetery is not constant and if you visit a cemetery in Flanders such as Langemark, and then visit one on the Somme or near Arras or Verdun you will see many differences. However they do have basic ideas in common;
German Military' Cemeteries
1) The architects were trying to convey the waste and sorrow of warfare. German cemeteries are always sad, rather depressing places and this is quite intentional.
2) The architects had to deal with the problem of fitting sometimes quite large numbers of bodies into the relatively small area of land that their former enemies would allow them. This is why each grave marker, whether headstone or cross has several or many names on it.